Definition of Accounting
Accounting is the process of identifying, recording, classifying and reporting information on financial transactions in a systematic manner for the purpose of providing financial information for decision making.
Types of Accounts
There are basically three types of Accounts maintained for transactions
· Personal Account
· Real Account
· Nominal Account
Personal Account: Any individual person or any firms or any company or a bank is considered in a Personal account. For example:- Rajesh Singh, Muna Enterprise, Wipro Pvt Ltd, PNB Bank, Capital etc.
Real Account: Account of any physical things. The cash account or goods account are examples of Real account. For example:- Cash, Land, Building, Furniture, Computer etc.
Nominal Account: Account of any invisible things that means that things are in terms of cash are examples of Nominal account. For example:- Discount, Commission, Salary, Wages, Freight etc.
Golden Rules of Accounting
Personal Accounts
The Receiver |
Debit (Dr) |
The Giver |
Credit (Cr) |
Real Accounts |
|
What comes in |
Debit (Dr) |
What goes out |
Credit (Cr) |
Nominal Accounts |
|
All Expenses or Losses |
Debit (Dr) |
All Income or Gains |
Credit (Cr) |
Entries in Account Book
1. Suresh started a business with cash Rs 1,80,000 |
||
Cash a/c ….Dr |
180000 |
|
To Capital a/c |
|
180000 |
|
|
|
2. Cash deposited into PNB bank Rs 55000 |
||
PNB bank a/c Dr |
55000 |
|
To Cash a/c |
|
55000 |
|
|
|
3. Purchase goods for cash Rs 22000 |
||
Purchase a/c Dr |
22000 |
|
To Cash a/c |
|
22000 |
|
|
|
4. Bought goods fromSona Enterprise on credit Rs 72000 |
||
Purchase a/c Dr |
72000 |
|
To Sona a/c |
|
72000 |
|
|
|
5. Sold goods for cash Rs 16200 |
||
Cash a/c Dr |
16200 |
|
To Sales a/c |
|
16200 |
|
|
|
6. Paid rent for the year by PNB bank chequeRs 6000 |
||
Rent a/c Dr |
6000 |
|
To PNB bank a/c |
|
6000 |
|
|
|
7. Withdraw cash into PNB bank Rs 40000 |
||
Cash a/c Dr |
|
|
To PNB bank a/c |
40000 |
|
|
|
40000 |
8. Purchased furniture for cash Rs 5000 |
||
Furniture a/c Dr |
5000 |
|
To Cash a/c |
|
5000 |
|
|
|
9. Sold goods to Super computer on credit Rs 12700 |
||
Super computer a/c Dr |
12700 |
|
To Sales a/c |
|
12700 |
|
|
|
10. Received cash from SuperRs 12446 and allowed him discount Rs 254 |
||
Cash a/c Dr |
12446 |
|
Discount allowed a/c |
254 |
|
To Super a/c |
|
12700 |
|
|
|
11. Paid wages Rs 1800 |
||
Wages a/c Dr |
1800 |
|
To Cash a/c |
|
1800 |
Introduction of Tally Prime
Tally Solutions Pvt. Ltd. is an Indian multinational technology company, that provides enterprise resource planning software. It is headquartered in Bangalore, Karnataka. The company reports that its software is used by more than 7 million customers.
Tally Solutions was co-founded in 1986 by Shyam Sunder Goenka and his son Bharat Goenka after the family's cotton business was destroyed by fire. It began as Peutronics Financial Accountant, an accounting software application. The company was incorporated in 1991 and was renamed Tally Solutions in 1999.
Shyam Sundar Goenka was running a company that supplied raw materials and machine parts to plants and textile mills in southern and eastern India. Unable to find software that could manage his books of accounts, he asked his son, Bharat Goenka, 23, a Maths graduate to create a software application that would handle financial accounts for his business. The first version of the accounting software was launched as an MS-DOS application. It had only basic accounting functions, and was named Peutronics Financial Accountant.
Download Tally Prime from https://tallysolutions.com/download/
Install in your PC / Laptop
For Training purpose : Most of the computer training Institute use Educational Mode:
Note : Tally Prime- educational mode work without a license, where you can input data only on
the first, second, and last days of the month.
Start Tally Software
Open Tally > W: Work in Educational Mode
CREATE A COMPANY
F3:Company> Create Company
Company Name : Global Traders
Fill up : Address, State and other optional details.
Accept
Company Created Successfully,
(Enable features as per your business need)
Accounting
Maintain Account : Yes Enable bill wise entry : Yes
Inventory : No Enable Goods and Service Tax (GST) : No
TDS : No
Accept
Shut Company
F3 >Company > Shut Company
Alter Company
Go To > Select Company > Global Traders
F3 : Company > Alter Company
Change your address or any other data
Accept
Delete Company
Go To> F3 (Company)> Alter Company > Alt + D
Company Global Traders has been deleted
Again Create Company Global Traders
(Follow the steps mentioned in Create Company)
PRE-DEFINED GROUP
Gateway of Tally > Chart of Account > List of Masters >Groups
There are 28 predefined groups in Tally
15 groups are Primary Groups and the remaining 13 groups are Sub-Groups
1. Branch / Divisions (P) 15. Direct Expense (P)
2. Capital Account (P) 16. Direct Incomes (P)
3. Reserves & Surplus 17. Fixed Assets (P)
4. Current Assets (P) 18. Indirect Expenses (P)
5. Bank Accounts 19. Indirect Incomes (P)
6. Cash-in-Hand 20. Investments (P)
7. Deposits (Asset) 21. Loans (Liability) (P)
8. Loans & Advances (Asset) 22. Bank OD A/c
9. Stock-in-Hand 23. Secured Loans
10. Sundry Debtors 24. Unsecured Loans
11. Current Liabilities (P) 25. Misc. Expenses (Asset) (P)
12. Duties & Taxes 26. Purchase Accounts(P)
13. Provisions 27. Sales Accounts (P)
14. Sundry Creditors 28. Suspense A/c (P)
Creating Group :Gateway of Tally >Masters > Create > Accounting Masters > Group
Group Name Under Nature of Group
Building Fixed Assets ---
Office Equipment Primary Assets
Deprecation Primary Expenses
Check on Gateway of Tally > Chart of Account> Groups
CREATING LEDGER
By default there is two ledgers (1) Cash (2) Profit and Loss A/c
Check the default ledgers Gateway of Tally>Charts of Accounts>Ledgers
Gateway of Tally >Masters > Create >Ledger
Ledger Alteration: Gateway of Tally >Masters > Alter >Ledger
Create New Company : Global_Voucher
All entries which you made in these given accounting vouchers are effect on your
current accounting of your business.
Class Room Assignment :-
Create a company Milan Trade for the year 2022-23, and pass necessary Journal Entries
Journalize the following transactions
1. Commenced business with cash Rs.10, 000.
2. Deposit into bank Rs. 15,000
3. Bought office furniture Rs.3,000
4. Sold goods for cash Rs.2,500
5. Purchased goods form Mr X on credit Rs.2,000
6. Soled goods to Mr Y on credit Rs.3,000
7. Received cash form Mr. Y on account Rs.2,000
8. Paid cash to Mr X Rs. 1,000
9. Received commission Rs. 50
10. Received interest on bank deposit Rs. 100
11. Paid into bank Rs. 1,000
12. Paid for advertisement Rs.500
13. Purchased goods for cash Rs. 800
14. Sold goods for cash Rs. 1,500
15. Paid salary Rs. 500
Gateway of tally-Account info-Ledger-Create Gateway of tally – Accounting voucher
Sl. No |
Key |
Voucher |
Ledger |
Group |
Type of account |
Principles |
Amount |
1 |
F6 |
Receipt |
Cr. Capital |
Capital account |
Personal |
Giver |
10,000 |
Dr. Cash |
Cash in hand |
Real |
Comes in |
10,000 |
|||
2 |
F4 |
Contra |
Cr. Cash |
Cash in hand |
Real |
Goes out |
15,000 |
Dr. Bank |
Bank account |
Real |
Comes in |
15,000 |
|||
3 |
F5 |
Payment |
Dr. furniture |
Fixed asset |
Real |
Comes in |
3,000 |
Cr. Cash |
Cash in hand |
Real |
Goes out |
3,000 |
|||
4 |
F8 |
Sales |
Dr. Cash |
Cash in hand |
Real |
Comes in |
2,500 |
Cr. Sales |
Sales account |
Nominal |
Income |
2500 |
|||
5 |
F9 |
Purchase |
Cr. X |
Sundry creditor |
Personal |
Giver |
2,000 |
Dr. purchase |
Purchase account |
Nominal |
All Exp |
2000 |
|||
6 |
F8 |
Sales |
Dr. Y |
Sundry debtors |
Personal |
Receiver |
3,000 |
Cr. Sales |
Sales account |
Nominal |
Income |
3000 |
|||
7 |
F6 |
Receipt |
Cr. Y |
|
|
Giver |
2,000 |
Dr. cash |
Cash in hand |
Real |
Comes in |
2,000 |
|||
8 |
F5 |
Payment |
Dr. X |
|
|
Receiver |
1,000 |
Cr. Cash |
Cash in hand |
Real |
Goes out |
1,000 |
|||
9 |
F6 |
Receipt |
Cr. Commission |
Indirect income |
Nominal |
All income |
50 |
Dr. cash |
Cash in hand |
Real |
Comes in |
50 |
|||
10 |
F6 |
Receipt |
Cr. Interest |
Indirect income |
Nominal |
All income |
100 |
Dr. Bank |
Bank account |
Personal |
Receiver |
100 |
|||
11 |
F4 |
Contra |
Cr. Cash |
Cash in hand |
Real |
Goes out |
1,000 |
Dr. Bank |
Bank account |
Real |
Comes in |
1,000 |
|||
12 |
F5 |
Payment |
Dr. Advertisement |
Indirect expenses |
Nominal |
All expenses |
500 |
Cr. Cash |
Cash in hand |
Real |
Goes out |
500 |
|||
13 |
F9 |
Purchase |
Cr. Cash |
Cash in hand |
Real |
Goes out |
800 |
Dr. purchase |
Purchase account |
Nominal |
All Exp |
800 |
|||
14 |
F8 |
Sales |
Dr. Cash |
Cash in hand |
Real |
Comes in |
1,500 |
Cr. Sales |
Sales account |
Nominal |
Income |
1500 |
|||
15 |
F5 |
Payment |
Dr. salary |
Indirect expenses |
Nominal |
All expenses |
500 |
Cr. Cash |
Cash in hand |
Real |
Goes out |
500 |
1) 10th passed
2) 12th passed